This paper is one of eight case studies in the health sector conducted under the project “Population and Urbanization: Managing the Urbanization Process Under a Decentralized Governance Framework” jointly undertaken by the Philippine Institute for Development Studies, the National Economic and Development Authority and Development Academy of the Philippines. This paper is a case study on Olongapo City recommended by NEDA-Region VIII as a model city for health. The city has won the Healthy City Award in 1996 for maintaining a physical environment that promotes health, safety, order and cleanliness through structural and manpower support.